Veterinary Hospital, Dimapur
Rabies is a highly fatal viral disease that is responsible for death of tens of thousands of people annually (WHO). Therefore,the need for proactive public health awareness and preventative measures has become very important especially with the rise in reports of Rabies cases (in dogs) in Dimapur.
So, what is Rabies?
• It is a zoonotic disease that is transmitted from animals to humans.
• This disease has a very old record as early as 460 to 370 BC.
• It is caused by Lyssa virus.
• Rabies is transmitted through bite and scratch of infected animals. The animals most commonly responsible for transmitting rabies are dogs, cats, bats, foxes etc.
• The incubation period of rabies varies from 15 to 60 days and in some case, it may be up to 2 years.
• Rabid dogs are hydrophobic (unable to drink water) due to the classical pharyngeal spasms. They have a recognisable high-toned yelp or bark and exhibit pica.
• Rabies affects the central nervous system leading to brain inflammation and death.
How do we identify Rabies in dogs?
1. Furious form: The dog becomes restless and irritable showing an increased tendency to bite even at random objects. They frequently become intolerant to light and loud noises (Hyperesthesia).
2. Dumb form: Incoordination, excessive salivation, drooping of lower jaw, complete limb paralysis. This form of rabies is more prevalent in our country.
What should one do when bitten?
• In case of animal bite/scratch, immediately wash the wound thoroughly with soap/detergent and water and seek medical advice from a nearby health centre/hospital immediately.
• In case of pets being bitten by a suspected rabid dog, stray dogs or wild animals like fox, racoons or bats, consult a registered veterinarian as soon as possible.
• Dogs suspected of rabies should be restrained and kept under observation for 14 days.
• Any case of animal bite or suspected case of Rabies should be promptly reported to local health officials.
What can we do? (Preventative measures)
• We should ensure that pets are vaccinated against Rabies. Regular vaccination of dogs and cats is a very important preventative measure.
• As per WSAVA guidelines, Rabies is a core vaccine (compulsory vaccine) and in India it is given at 3 months of age and followed by annual vaccination.
• Limitation should be put on interaction with stray animals and children should be educated on the risks and appropriate behaviour around animals.
• Colony/Ward/village authorities should collaborate with the Department for the effective control of Rabies and to manage and reduce the risk of rabies.
.JPG)
