Wildlife and Community: A Vision for Nagaland’s Future

Sensitisation of younger generation on rescue and release of wildlife. Merakum Tzuin Mokokchung

Sensitisation of younger generation on rescue and release of wildlife. Merakum Tzuin Mokokchung

Alemwapang Imchen SFS
Assistant Conservator of Forest, Mokokchung Forest Division

The state of Nagaland resides as a haven of biodiversity where a large portion of the land remains enshrouded in forests, with local communities assuming stewardship over most of this forestland. This unique pattern of land ownership reflects our ancestors reverence for nature, as lands are held collectively by village communities, clans, or individuals, all guided by customary laws. The allure of Nagaland extends beyond its lush hills; it is renowned for its vibrant culture and rich traditions. However, this region's true wealth lies in its unparalleled biodiversity, manifesting in verdant forests and streams that teem with life. 

Nagaland is part of the Eastern Himalayas biodiversity hotspot. This region is characterized by its rich biodiversity, including many endemic species of plants and animals. Over the decades, swift urbanization, deforestation, uncontrolled hunting, habitat loss and land use change have moved numerous species to the brink of extinction. Even the magnificent hornbill, once abundant, has become a symbol of presence in festivals than in the forests of Nagaland. This disruption in nature’s system leads to ecosystem imbalances, resulting in unchecked population growth of certain species while others disappear. This precarious situation even triggers outbreaks of pests and diseases, formerly unknown in the past. The degradation of water ecosystems is another alarming outcome, with untreated sewage being dumped into streams and the use of chemicals for fishing. This unbridled poisoning of streams affects not only target species but also non-target aquatic life, harming the delicate equilibrium of water ecosystems.

Previously a coal mining site, now a village conserved area. Namen CCA Khar.

Preserving wildlife and biodiversity necessitates the transference of traditional ecological wisdom to the younger generation. Unfortunately, the traditional knowledge of indigenous communities is slowly diminishing. Encouraging knowledge exchange across generations is pivotal in nurturing an understanding and appreciation for our region's unique ecosystems and their inhabitants. The profound connection between the local populace and the forests sustains livelihoods through agriculture, timber, firewood, and medicinal plants, among others. However, this close relationship with the forests also places these valuable species at risk. The decline in wildlife habitats has also led to an increase in human-wildlife conflicts, as animals venture closer to human settlements in search of food and shelter. This growing tension highlights the urgent need for well-crafted policies to address these conflicts and to protect both people and wildlife. Equally important is fostering a shift in public perception, encouraging communities to be more sympathetic toward wildlife. The extinction of species does not just mark the loss of biodiversity but also triggers the emergence of unforeseen challenges, including disruptions to ecosystems, agriculture, and human health.

Fortunately, various NGOs and youth groups are awakening to these challenges and taking action. A heartening trend in Nagaland is the realization of various communities about the importance of nature conservation. Many villages have implemented conservation initiatives by designating portions of their forestland as Community Reserves and Community Conservation Areas. These communities have banned hunting, use of explosives and chemicals in fishing, and the destruction of wildlife habitats. This community-based approach to wildlife protection, evident in initiatives such as providing safe passage for the Amur falcon, has earned Nagaland the sobriquet of the 'Amur Falcon Capital of the World’. Embracing our role as responsible citizens, we can foster awareness and organize conservation endeavors, especially among the younger generations. Ecotourism, along with the sustainable harvesting of non-timber forest products, presents promising alternatives for preserving these areas. These approaches not only support the protection of the conserved areas but also provide local communities with sustainable livelihoods, ensuring both economic benefits and the conservation of biodiversity. By recognizing the interconnectedness of all living beings, we can work towards more harmonious coexistence and sustainable solutions. Nagaland's natural treasures are invaluable and demand our collective protection. As stewards of God’s creation, we bear responsibility for nurturing a harmonious coexistence with nature for generations to come.